Ecology and Natural Systems

• Structure and functioning of mountain ecosystems
• Distribution and dynamics of endemic and relict species
• Spread and management of invasive species in mountain regions
• Impacts of climate change on high-altitude biodiversity

Landscapes and Geomorphology

• Morphodynamics of alpine and subalpine landscapes
• Soil development and erosion processes in mountain terrains
• Geomorphological mapping of altitudinal zones
• Glacier retreat and terrain stability under global warming

Anthropology and Mountain Societies

• Cultural heritage of indigenous mountain communities
• Traditional agricultural and pastoral systems
• Protection and governance of cultural landscapes
• Ethnic and social diversity in highland settlements

Climate and Environmental Change

• Microclimatic zones and transitions in high mountains
• Snow cover dynamics, evapotranspiration, and hydrological cycles
• Environmental hazards (avalanches, landslides, etc.)
• Climate modeling and forecasting for mountain environments

Ethnography and Indigenous Knowledge Systems

• Ethnobotany and use of natural resources in mountain cultures
• Integration of local knowledge into modern environmental management
• Role of language, mythology, and ritual in mountain societies

Tourism and Sustainable Economic Development

• Potential and assessment of ecotourism and mountain tourism
• Social entrepreneurship in mountain villages
• Models of sustainable infrastructure and services
• Impact of tourism on cultural heritage and natural environments

Technological Applications

• GIS-based analysis of mountain landscapes
• Remote sensing and satellite imaging in mountain research
• Smart environmental monitoring through sensor systems
• Hazard mapping and early warning systems for mountainous regions